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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Образование и право</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2076-1503</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24412/2076-1503-2026-9-552-562</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">Мягкое право и обязательный процессуальный минимум в регулировании финансирования третьей стороной в системе разрешения инвестиционных споров</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Soft law and mandatory procedural minimum in regulation of third party financing in the investment dispute resolution system</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркелова</surname><given-names>Мария Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><email>markelova@mzs.ru</email></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">магистр права, юрист практики разрешения международных споров Коллегия адвокатов «Монастырский, Зюба, Степанов и партнеры», Москва, Россия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-09-28"><day>28</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>9</issue><fpage>552</fpage><lpage>562</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-08-05"><day>05</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-09-25"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></date></history><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="myagkoe-pravo-i-obyazatelnyy-protsessualnyy-minimum-v-regulirovanii-finansirovaniya-552-562.pdf" xlink:title="PDF"/><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Цель исследования состоит в разграничении вопросов финансирования третьей стороной, которые в международном инвестиционном арбитраже могут регулироваться посредством мягкого права и саморегулирования, и вопросов, требующих обязательного процессуального закрепления. Методологическую основу составили формально-юридический, сравнительно-правовой и системный методы, а также анализ арбитражных правил, инвестиционных договоров, документов Рабочей группы III ЮНСИТРАЛ и практики инвестиционных трибуналов. Установлено, что добровольные стандарты наиболее эффективны при регулировании финансовой устойчивости фандера, информирования финансируемой стороны, конфиденциальности, прекращения финансирования и допустимого участия фандера в выработке стратегии. Однако саморегулирование не обеспечивает универсального охвата рынка и не способно самостоятельно разрешить вопросы, последствия которых затрагивают другую сторону, состав арбитража и публичный интерес государства. Обоснован обязательный процессуальный минимум, включающий раннее и продолжающееся раскрытие факта финансирования и личности фандера, адресное раскрытие контролирующих лиц, полномочие трибунала истребовать дополнительные сведения при доказанной необходимости, отсутствие презумпции неплатежеспособности финансируемой стороны, критерии учета финансирования при обеспечении и распределении расходов и процессуальные последствия нераскрытия. Сделан вывод, что в системе разрешения инвестиционных споров (далее – ISDS) мягкое право должно выполнять функцию разработки и обновления стандартов, тогда как арбитражные правила и инвестиционные договоры должны обеспечивать их минимально необходимую обязательность.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>This article distinguishes between aspects of third-party funding that may be governed through soft law and self-regulation in international investment arbitration and those that require mandatory procedural rules. The research applies doctrinal, comparative and systemic methods and examines arbitral rules, investment treaties, UNCITRAL Working Group III materials and investment tribunal practice. It finds that voluntary standards are best suited to funder capital adequacy, information provided to the funded party, confidentiality, termination of funding and permissible involvement in case strategy. Self-regulation, however, cannot ensure universal market coverage and is insufficient where the consequences of funding affect the opposing party, the tribunal and the respondent State’s public interest. The article proposes a mandatory procedural minimum comprising early and continuing disclosure of the existence of funding and the funder’s identity; targeted disclosure of ownership and control; tribunal authority to request further information upon demonstrated procedural necessity; rejection of any presumption that a funded party is insolvent or acts in bad faith; criteria for considering funding in security‑for-costs and costs decisions; and procedural consequences for non‑disclosure. It concludes that soft law should retain its standard-setting and adaptive role, while arbitral rules and investment treaties should provide the minimum degree of enforceability required by the public and procedural dimensions of investor–State dispute settlement.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>third-party funding</kwd><kwd>international investment arbitration</kwd><kwd>ISDS</kwd><kwd>soft law</kwd><kwd>self-regulation</kwd><kwd>disclosure</kwd><kwd>conflicts of interest</kwd><kwd>security for costs</kwd><kwd>arbitration costs</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>финансирование третьей стороной</kwd><kwd>международный инвестиционный арбитраж</kwd><kwd>ISDS</kwd><kwd>мягкое право</kwd><kwd>саморегулирование</kwd><kwd>раскрытие информации</kwd><kwd>конфликт интересов</kwd><kwd>обеспечение расходов</kwd><kwd>арбитражные расходы</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">[1] Bench Nieuwveld L., Sahani V. S. Third-Party Funding in International Arbitration. 2nd ed. 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