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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD with OASIS Tables with MathML3 v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Образование и право</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2076-1503</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24412/2076-1503-2026-2-820-828</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">3D-ПЕЧАТНОЕ ОГНЕСТРЕЛЬНОЕ ОРУЖИЕ: ВЫЗОВЫ ДЛЯ КРИМИНАЛИСТИЧЕСКОГО ОРУЖИЕВЕДЕНИЯ В ЭПОХУ ЦИФРОВОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>3D-PRINTING FIREARMS: CHALLENGES FOR FORENSIC FIREARMS IN THE AGE OF DIGITAL MANUFACTURING</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муркштис</surname><given-names>Марюс Йокубо</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Murkshtis</surname><given-names>Marius Iokubo</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><email>7607428@mail.ru</email></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Doctor of Law, Chairman of the Moscow, Bar Association «Murkshtis, Kalinenko and Partners», Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Law, Procedure and Forensics of the Law Institute of RUDN University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Доктор юридических наук, председатель московской коллегии адвокатов, «Муркштис, Калиненко и партнеры», доцент кафедры «Уголовного права, процесса и, криминалистики» Юридического института РУДН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-10"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>2</issue><fpage>820</fpage><lpage>828</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-04"><day>04</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-10"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="publication-15ad3eb4-ef71-4b8e-b718-230480f0fa99.pdf" xlink:title="PDF"/><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье анализируется современное состояние криминалистического оружиеведения в условиях стремительного распространения самодельного огнестрельно гооружия, изготавливаемого с применением аддитивных (3D-печатных) технологий. На основе систематического обзора зарубежных исследований и эмпирических данных, охва тывающих 186 случаев выявления 3D-печатного оружия (2014–2023 гг.), предложена типо логия таких изделий. Подчеркивается неэффективность традиционных методов балли стической экспертизы и контроля за оборотом оружия в отношении таких объектов. Особоевнимание уделено необходимости интеграции цифровой криминалистики в эксперт ныйпроцесс для выявления цифровых следов производства. Статья призвана сформиро вать научно обоснованную основу для адаптации отечественной системы криминалисти ческой экспертизы к вызовам цифровой эпохи</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>This article analyzes the current state of forensic firearms science amid the rapid proliferation of homemade firearms manufactured using additive (3D-printed) technologies. Based on a systematic review of international studies and empirical data covering 186 cases of 3D-printed firearms (2014–2023), a typology of such items is proposed. The ineffectiveness of traditional ballis ticexamination and weapons control methods for such items is highlighted. Particular attention is paid to the need to integrate digital forensics into the forensic process to identify digital traces of production. This article aims to provide a scientifically sound basis for adapting the domestic forensic examination system to the challenges of the digital age</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>3D-печать</kwd><kwd>аддитивные технологии</kwd><kwd>незаконный оборот огне стрельного оружия</kwd><kwd>производство огнестрельного оружия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>3D printing</kwd><kwd>additive manufacturing</kwd><kwd>illegal firearms trafficking</kwd><kwd>firearms produc tion</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Honsberger H., Rhumorbarbe D., Werner D., Riva F., Glardon M., Gallusser A., Delйmont O. How to recognize the traces left on a crime scene by a 3D-printed Liberator? Part 1. Discharge, exterior ballistic and wounding potential. Forensic Sci. 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